Contingency Tables Essay Example for Free

Contingency Tables Essay The two nominal level variables are respondent’s sex and marital status. The independent variable is respondent’s sex and dependent variable is respondent’s marital status. The null and alternate hypotheses are Null hypothesis, H0: Marital status is independent of sex. Alternate Hypothesis, H1: Marital status is dependent on sex. The variable sex measures respondent’s gender. The valid categories of measurement for the variable sex are ‘Male’ and ‘Female’ and they are coded as 1 and 2, respectively. The variable is a good example for the nominal level of measurement, as it merely identifies a category. The variable marital status measures respondent marital status. The valid categories of measurement for the variable marital status are ‘Married’, ‘Widowed’, ‘Divorced’, ‘Separated’ and ‘Never married’ and they are coded as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. The variable is a good example for the nominal level of measurement, as it merely identifies a category. Majority (57. 3%) of the respondent’s were male. Majority (53. 0%) of the respondent’s were married. The percentage of respondents widowed, divorced, separated and never married were 11. 0%, 14. 2%, 2. 7% and 19. 1%, respectively. Table 1 shows the cross-tabulation of respondent’s marital status by sex. The distribution of male respondent’s for married, widowed, divorced, separated and never married were 59. 8%, 4. 8%, 11. 7, 1. 4% and 22. 2%, respectively. The distribution of female respondent’s for married, widowed, divorced, separated and never married were 48. 0%, 15. 6%, 16. 1, 3. 6% and 16. 8%, respectively. The table provides an evidence of correlation (association) between respondent’s sex and marital status in the sample. There appears a weak association between respondent’s sex and marital status. In general, the information summarized in the table 1 seems to provide evidence supporting research (alternate) hypothesis, as the distribution of male and females respondent’s for marital stratus are not similar. The value of nominal directional measure of association lambda is 0. This indicates no relationship between respondent’s sex and marital status that is knowing the respondent’s sex does not increase the ability to predict his or her marital status. This statistics (lambda) does not improve upon the use of column percentages to evaluate the given correlation.

Cause and Effect Essay - Christianity Causes Divorce -- Expository Cau

Cause and Effect Essay - Christianity Causes Divorce â€Å"Bible Belt Couples ‘Put Asunder’ More,† the New York Times proclaimed on May 21 of this year: â€Å"The divorce rate in many parts of the Bible Belt is roughly 50% above the national average.† So much for the notion that secularism is to blame for the decline of traditional families, among other frequently lamented social ills. Apparently, in a least a few states, the divorce rate correlates to an excess of piety, not the absence of it. What do we make of this amusing correlation? I doubt that religiosity directly causes divorce, but in some cases it may cause marriage, by condemning premarital sex and cohabitation as sinful; and marriage, of course, is the one indisputable cause of divorce. Marry in haste; divorce when you come to your senses. â€Å"I had this vision that this is just what people do; Get married, have kids and Christ comes back,† one Oklahoma divorcee told the New York Times. She remarried, but a great many Oklahomans apparently prefer living in sin. (Religion may not cause marriage after all.) According to the Times, the number of unmarried cohabitating couples in Oklahoma increased 97 percent in the past ten years. It increased 125 percent in Arkansas and 123 percent in Tennessee. The average national increase in unmarried couples for the same period was 72 percent. Statistics like these are deeply troubling to God-fearing social conservatives like Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee, who declared a â€Å"marital emergency† in his state; and Oklahoma Governor Frank Keating, who has initiated a multimillion dollar campaign to strengthen marriage by sending publicly funded â€Å"marriage ambassadors† to talk shows and public schools and providing premarital education. ... ...tates, when the Supreme Court held that Mormons could be prosecuted for entering into polygamous marriages. Thus, Judeo-Christian notions of marriage are incorporated into law while historic Mormon beliefs about marriage are criminalized. As Utah polygamist Tom Green recently learned, laws against multiple spouses are still liable to be enforced. Green, who boasted five wives and an estimated twenty-five to thirty children, was convicted of four counts of bigamy (and one count of nonsupport). He was not a particularly sympathetic defendant: one of his wives was only fourteen when he married her, and he could not support all the children he promiscuously fathered. So, it’s probably not fair to say he was prosecuted because of his religious beliefs, but he was prosecuted in spite of them. He is not a particularly virtuous man, but he is, after all, a religious one.

Bred in South Auckland Essay

I think Glen Colquhoun’s purpose in creating this poem was to make people, like myself, realise our self-worth and embrace our individuality. He mocks his everyday habits to show us that we can’t always be put into categories, just because a person does something like ‘†¦I read the newspaper. ’ That doesn’t mean the person has to be stereotyped into a certain group, in this case ‘Some people think I am a typical Pakeha’. I really enjoyed reading the way the author made fun of his everyday habits to tell that there is more than one way of viewing our identity, instead of being guided to a racial or cultural stereotype. I found it easy to believe him when he said ‘I think I am the luckiest mongrel I know. ’ He accepted his cultures but did not let them sculpt him into their typical stereotypes. I really liked the way Glen Colquhoun relates himself to four stereotypical cultures: Maori, Pakeha, Asian and Pacific Islander. I also enjoyed the way he described his everyday habits to each of his cultures. ‘I think I’m the luckiest mongrel I know’ by portraying himself as a mongrel- a dog of mixed breed he tells us he has many different cultural influences as a part of him. This quote made me realise that every person has many dimensions to them; it doesn’t matter if your family isn’t from multiple cultures. When you grow up in a society where there are many diverse cultures influencing your behaviour, your attitude, it shapes your personality and you as a person. This poem relates to many people around New Zealand, especially in South Auckland because we’re so multi-cultural and so many people have parents, partners, cousins, aunties and uncles from many different cultures. Even though I’m from Pakistan some people think I’m Indian and others think I’m from some Middle Eastern country. So in a way I could relate to this. I enjoyed reading this poem because the theme relates to everyday things and everyone gets stereotyped at some point in their life regardless of their culture, which is why we should define ourselves by our personality not culture stereotypes.

Technology And Its Impact On Human History - 2056 Words

Humans transitioning from being hunting and gathering nomads that would wander looking for food to being masters of full fledged civilizations was one of the biggest changes in all of human history. Now this change in history was caused by first humans ability to create tools and mastering technology. The mastering of technology played a huge role in the development in civilizations however science wasn’t as much of a concern to people in prehistory and didn t become very common till the first civilizations and even then it was only that of practical science that could be used by the everyday person. The only science that was truly studied and appreciated by early humans was astronomy and that was able to help in the development of calendars. The first things humans had been there gifted evolutionary tools of thumbs which allowed them to grasp things and create new things with and the other was speech which allowed the communication of ideas. Another very important technology was the control of fire which allowed humans the ability to cook their food, use it to move into colder climates, kept wild animals away, and very important because now humans no longer needed to depend solely on the sun as a light and heat source. It was also able to harden wooden tools. They also made things like needles for sewing clothing, spears used for hunting, and even had developed rope and nets. Almost all tools developed by the first humans were for food collection in one way another,Show MoreRelated The Impact of Travel on the Evironment Essay example885 Words   |  4 PagesThe Impact of Travel on the Evironment Human history has been defined by movement and expansion, as humans slowly moved throughout the globe. Even after humans had populated the entire world, humans continued to travel for many reasons: war, trade, adventure, and religion. It would seem that the human species is filled with inveterate travelers. 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