Friday, December 27, 2019

Advertising Is A Marketing Communication Tool Essay

1-2.1 What is advertising? Advertising is a marketing communication tool that encourages and persuades customers to take actions (purchase decisions). According to David Ogilvy a successful ad is the one which is able to sell the product or service without drawing the consumer attention that it sells. 1-2.2 The shift from traditional media to social media. For years companies and brands where depending on mass marketing like TV , Radio , printed ads to communicate their message to audience , grape their attention and sell them then retain them (Ford, 2008) But day over day consumers starts to show resistance and negative impact toward traditional ads due to lack of credibility and transparency and poor communication. So marketers starts to use different platforms to reach their target audience and with the evolution of the internet and social networks each hour spent over the internet reduces the time available for traditional channels . The companies started to follow its customers and discovered that their consumers are being influenced more by the flow of information over social networks (Subramani Rajagopalan, 2003). Ford discovered that using traditional channels is impractical and using more targeted Medias both the company and the consumer will benefit (Ford, 2008) 1-2.3 some facts about social media: †¢ 70% of the ROI of certain products was discovered to be due to passing messages through social media (Klaasen, 2007) †¢ According to a research done byShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Marketing Strategies1005 Words   |  4 Pages It is defined as paid form of non personal communication about an organisation, service, product, or idea by an identified sponsor. Public service announcement, which has an sporadic exception whose advertising space or time is provided by media. 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The famous chocolate company, MM’s, which is owned by Mars, doesn t perform well inRead MoreIntegrated Marketing Communication ( Imc )1658 Words   |  7 PagesAssociation of Advertising Agencies, integrated marketing communications ... recognizes the value of a comprehensive plan that evaluates the strategic roles of a variety of communica tion disciplines advertising, public relations, personal selling, and sales promotion and combines them to provide clarity, consistency, and maximum communication impact. 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Advertising is any paid form for controllable impact, carried through mass media in the presentation and the imposition of the goods or services in the interest of the obvious source. In conditions of fierce competition, the work of advertising is to create a demand for certain goods, and buyers to gravitate to the point of sale. Advertising is a tool for the realization of more andRead MoreIntegrated Marketing Communications Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesIntegrated Marketing Communications INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS (IMC) ‘Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) .The concept under which a company carefully integrates coordinates its many communications channels to deliver a clear, consistent, and compelling message about the organization and its products. IMC starts with the identification of consumer needs. IMC builds a strong brand identity in the market-place by tying together and reinforcing all your images and messages. IMCRead MoreCase Study: Cunard Line Ltd., Managing Integrated Marketing Communications709 Words   |  3 PagesManaging Integrated Marketing Communications 1. For 1992, why did they select the marketing communications activities in the case? By 1992, there had been a shift in advertising strategy due to worldwide recession in the early 1990s. As result, there was more pressure to achieve immediate sales results, i.e., to fill the ships and thus temptation to resort to more price-oriented appeals to customers. Cunard needed to strategically allocate the budget for marketing communications and branding, maintainRead MoreIntegrated Marketing Communication1469 Words   |  6 PagesIntegrated Marketing Communication Introduction ‘Integrated marketing communicating is a concept that companies coordinated their marketing communication tools to deliver a clear, consistent, credible and competitive message about the organization and products. The objective is to position product and organizations clearly and distinctively’. (Jobber, 2007) ‘Integrated Marketing Communications†¨(IMC) is a new trend in business planning†¨Ã¢â‚¬â€œ combining different communication instruments such

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Reason to Quit Smoking Essay - 569 Words

As many know that the effects on people caused by smoking it crossing the final borders of danger to quit that sickening habit of smoking. Hence if I get a chance to ban anything in the world, it will be smoking. Millions of people around the world enjoy the disgusting habit of smoking. This habit contributes to an outbreak of diseases which brings pain, suffering and death to millions every year. We should end this suffering by prohibiting smoking in all its forms. Smokers, non-smokers, and the environment are all adversely affected by smoking. Smoking is one of the worst things you can do to your body. The list of additives allowed in the manufacture of cigarettes consists of 600 possible ingredients. When burned, cigarette smoke†¦show more content†¦Smoking is one of the most preventable causes of death in our society. About half all of smokers between of 35 and 69 die ahead of time the new smokers replace them. Smokers could be losing an average of 20 to 25 years of their life. When we are near an adult who is smoking, it makes the house / surroundings smell awful. It gives you aliment, shortens your life, can affect others around you and yourself. Every time you smoke, its l ike cutting 5 minutes of your life. About 430,000 people in the US die every year from smoking related problems. When people think of cancers caused by smoking, the first one that comes to mind is always lung cancer. Most cases of lung cancer death, close to 90% in men, and 50%in women are caused by cigarette smoking. There are several other forms of cancer attributed to smoking as well, and they include cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, bladder, stomach, cervix, kidney and pancreas, and acute myeloid leukemia. Compared to nonsmokers, men who smoke are about 23 times more likely to develop lung cancer and women who smoke are about 13 times more likely. In 2003, an estimated 171,900 new cases of lung cancer occurred and approximately 157,200 people died from lung cancer. It comes under the duty of government to ban smoking or at least control it. Yet the government does not take strict rules to stop smoking. Why? The following example explainsShow MoreRelatedMotivation and the Brain1569 Words   |  7 Pages The process of trying to quit smoking is harder than one could ever imagine. This addiction will have you on a terrible emotional roller coaster where you’ll begin to have mixed emotions about what to do. People already smoke cigarettes for totally different reasons, such as loosing weight, relieving stress, and to control unwanted feelings. In the beginning your negative emotions will begin to over power the positive. On one hand your intellect knows that smoking cigarettes is a terrible thingRead MoreSmoking Essay1207 Words   |  5 PagesHow to Quit Smoking The smoking problem has become quite prevalent in our society. Several governments have had problems dealing with a huge healthcare burden due to diseases and conditions brought about by smoking. At the same time, individuals suffer several addictive and health issues due to smoking. While this information may be apparent to most of the smokers, studies have found that quitting a smoking habit is quite a challenge. The reason behind such challenge is attributed to Nicotine. NicotineRead MoreSmoking And Smoking840 Words   |  4 Pagesmost affected by smoking you may experience lung cancer or even COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals, including 43 known cancer causing ingredients and 400 other toxins that are bad for the human body nicotine is the chemical that is most harmful and dangerous. Nicotine has so many side effects and is also is very addictive substance. This type of tobacco is addictive for most people. Thats why ma ny people are still smoking in spite of theRead MoreHealth Behavior Change Diary Template On Quitting Cigarette Smoking1530 Words   |  7 Pagescigarette smoking Health behavior I wish to change: Significant number of people has been addicted to the habit of smoking despite of knowing the fact that it is injurious to health. In the past, it was considered as the taboos and only adult group was habituated but currently, it is common among both adolescent and adult population. Cigarette smoking is habit of inhaling smoke of cigarette and releasing it. A study by Gong (2011, pp.48) reveals that the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adultRead MoreThe Effects Of Waterpipe Tobacco1197 Words   |  5 PagesThis study examined the various characteristics of exposure to HWL among young adult waterpipe users aged 18-34 years, and their harm perception and intention to quit. There are not much studies which have tried to assess the socio-demographic and tobacco related co-variates with HWL exposure. One study evaluated the current health warning labelling practices on waterpipe tobacco products and related accessories and found very few noticeable health warning labels on tobacco packages (Nakkash et alRead MoreThe Effect on Smoking Cigarette Banned in Public Essays1282 Words   |  6 Pages Cigarette smoking â€Å"There Is Nothing either Good or Bad, Hard or Easy, It’s How We Choose to Think That Makes It So.† ~ William Shakespeare~ Cigarettes are drugs that have a high risk of dangerous drugs that cause the disease to the body of smokers and people who live nearby. Currently, there are many more smokers are aware of the adverse effects of smoking. But the number of smokers is still increasing. Especially worrisome and continue to cause adverse effects in both polite society andRead MoreSmoking Cessation, Tips For Success869 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking Cessation, Tips for Success If you are ready to quit smoking, congratulations! You have chosen to help yourself be healthier. Cigarettes bring nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and other irritants into your body. Your lungs, heart, and blood vessels will be able to work better without these poisons. There are many different ways to quit smoking. Nicotine gum, nicotine patches, a nicotine inhaler, or nicotine nasal spray can help with physical craving. Hypnosis, support groups, and medicinesRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking On The Uk1065 Words   |  5 Pagesmore of us become aware of the dangers of smoking, the percentage of smokers in the UK has fallen from around 50 per cent of the population in the 1950s to 25 per cent in 2003. Even with this fall in the number of smokers, it s estimated that cigarettes were responsible for more than 1.2 million deaths in 2000 in the European region of the World Health Organisation. In the UK, smoking is responsible for around one in five deaths. The illnesses caused by smoking extend beyond the well-reported linksRead MoreSmoking Cigarettes Is A Best Choice For Everyone870 Words   |  4 Pagesas a bad habit by everyone around the world, but never disappear from our life. Smoking cigarettes is a thing that gives us nothing except a huge negative effect, not only people smoking, but also people around smokers. There is many diseases such as cancer, respiratory illness, digestive disease, heart disease, caused by it, and many people died because of these diseases. People know quit smoking, we call it smoking cessation, is a best choice for everyone; however, it is very difficult thing because

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Effective Infection Control Policy of Toenails

Question: Explain the reasons for an effective infection control policy and discuss whether the current method of cleansing and sterilization should be favoured over the use of disposable instruments. Answer: The infection control policy for providing foot care advocates the utilization of disposable pads, soap, washcloth, toenail trimming equipment and antiseptic lotion (Audrey, 2008, p. 761). Indeed, the infection control measures warranted for treating the infected toenails configured after performing skin assessment in terms of evaluating its cleanliness and order, and the infected lesions requiring sterilization intervention. The evidence based clinical literature emphasizes the significance of effective control measures for patients affected with poor healing mechanism and susceptible to developing bacterial or fungal infestations (Milady, 2015, p. 267). V.T (2014, p. 19) explains the sustainability of toenail infection in the absence of antiseptic management. Shaw and Cummings (2012, p. 276) explain the prevalence of candida infections among diabetic population requiring treatment and prophylactic interventions for reducing the toenail manifestations. The infections including onychomycosis and intertrigo increase the risk of developing abscess among diabetic population and therefore, require topical antiseptic treatment for tenure of three months to facilitate adequate healing. The evidence based clinical literature reveals the prevalence of tinea pedis infection concomitantly with the occurrence of toenail infection requiring antimycotic therapy in the clinical setting (Parish et al., 2011, p. 250). The research findings indicate the sustainability of toenail fungal infection among elderly individuals warranting the acquisition of infection control measures including hand hygiene and antiseptic treatment for challenging the progres sion of mycotic infestation (Berman et al., 2015, p. 653). The sanitization techniques for preventing toenail infection include the utilization of rubbing alcohol, barbicide, bleach, ultraviolet light and other hospital disinfectants. Vonhof (2011, p. 312) reveals the effectiveness of rubbing alcohol in inducing the normal growth of the infected toenail. V.T. (p. 19) further explains the effectiveness of vinegar, tea tree oil solution and bleach water in terms of their antimycotic properties; however, these topical solutions require more than 6 months duration for removing the toenail fungus as evidenced by the academic literature. Baran and Rigopoulos (2012, p. 113) explains the treatment of foot and infected/ingrown toenail with the application of povidone iodine and potassium permanganate prior to the gutter-splint intervention. Indeed, the disposable instruments required in sterilizing the infected toenails include paper towel, emery boards, rotary tool disks and orange sticks. These instruments utilized for one-time use add to the convenience of caregivers while treating the toenail infections; however, they do not prove to be cost effective solutions while providing daily care to the infected toenail (Vidimos, Ammirati and Poblete-Lopez, 2009, p. 59). Contrarily, the non-disposable instruments extend their capacity in terms of reusability following their effective sterilization. For example, the utilization of disposable curettes, scalpels, gradle scissors and forceps offer benefits in terms of cost reduction and ease in handling as compared to the disposable instruments. The physicians get a better feel while handling these reusable instruments in terms of their dullness and physical weight that proportionately assists them in disinfecting and cleansing different tissue types pertaining to variable consi stencies. Therefore, the methods employing conventional techniques including autoclave and antiseptics with the effective utilization of reusable instruments prove to be the more efficient interventions in terms of their execution, better treatment outcomes and cost-effectiveness for accomplishing the clinical goal of controlling and preventing toenail infections. References Audrey, B., 2008. Kozier and Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice (8th ed). Delhi: Dorling Kindersley. Baran, R. and Rigopoulos, D., 2012. Nail Therapies. USA: CRC Berman, A., Snyder, S.J., Kozier, B., Erb, G.L., Levett-Jones, T., Dwyer, T., Hales, M., Harvey, N., Moxham, L., Park, TC., Parker, B., Reid-Searl, K. and Stanley, D., 2015. Kozier Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing Australian Edition. Australia: Pearson. Milady., 2015. Milady Standard Nail Technology. New York: Cengage. Parish, L.C., Brenner, S., Ramos-e-Silva, M. and Parish, J.L., 2011. Manual of Gender Dermatology. USA: Jones Bartlett. Shaw, K.M. and Cummings, M.H., 2012. Diabetes Chronic Complications. UK: Wiley Blackwell. Vidimos, A.T., Ammirati,C.T. and Poblete-Lopez, C., 2009. Dermatologic Surgery. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. Vonhof, J., 2011. Fixing Your Feet: Prevention and Treatments for Athletes. USA: Wilderness. V.T., 2014. Nail Fungus Immediate Cure. USA: VT. V.T., 2014a. Nail Fungus Immediate Cure. USA: VT.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Problems facing tourism in Africa

Background On a global scale, the economic sector experiencing expedited growth is tourism. In the developing world, tourism industry exhibits great success as a chief foreign exchange earner, stimulating cross cultural understanding and providing employment. This may not be a uniform case in Africa. In Zanzibar Tanzania, for instance, the economic gain of tourism is yet to be fully realized. This has been occasioned by a major tourism management problem of insecurity. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Problems facing tourism in Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Threats to safety and security of the tourism sector in Zanzibar has affected the growth of tourism industry and subsequently impacted the environment, the economy and the social fabric at large. As such, foreigners who visit this destination to enjoy the beautiful sceneries become easy prey to criminals. Besides, the opportunities to economically be nefits that would have been experienced from tourism have thwarted due to insecurity (Rosenbaum, 2011,  March  13). However, these problems facing tourism sector can be given an appropriate approach, proper strategies and careful thinking to reach a solution. This essay will explore the issue of insecurity resulting from as a problem facing tourism in Zanzibar, and suggest possible solutions. Tourism Planning and management problem in Zanzibar Zanzibar attractions Zanzibar Island also referred to as Unguja is an interesting and enchanting island that links the past history when explorers interacted with the coastal people and the present bliss of beach holidays (Sifuna,  2010). It blends the way of life of travelers from the West and the Far East who come to enjoy wildlife safari, with the fascinating life of the local people. One of the most important attractions is the Stone Town located on the west coast of Zanzibar. Apart from being an awesome town, it bears the history and diverse cultures of the people of Unguja, museums which were formerly palaces, an Omani fortress built in the 18th century and many other attractions (Foottit, 1995,  January). Additionally, tourists who visit the south coast are treated to other attractions such as viewing and swimming with Dolphins during Dolphin tours, the coral reefs and large sandy Indian Ocean coastline with offshore locations such as mafia and Pemba. Also, the island has the sleepy fishing community, a variety of wildlife, salt-tolerant grassland, Casuarinas and coconut palm trees, mangroves, ever-green thicket and swamp forests (Amanda, 2009,  March  29). Moreover, it has beautiful beaches such as Matemwe, Pwani Mchangani, Kiwengwa, Pongwe, Uroa and Chwaka where many activities take place including snorkeling, water sports, sailing and reef walks (Amanda, 2009,  March  29).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OF F Learn More To begin with, one important threat to the security of tourism in Zanzibar is fear of terrorist’s attacks. In 1998, Tanzania suffered a severe blow from bombing of US embassy in the country. As such, the number of tourist visiting tourist sites in Zanzibar and other areas in the region sharply declined. It is important to underscore the fact that tourists’ develop confidence in a region depending on the level of security. As such, the tourism sector in the region has continued to face the difficult challenge posed by threats of insecurity. Even though security officials and the Zanzibar police officers have continued to issue alerts and offer protection to citizens, tourists and the tourism sector continues to fear for safety of imminent attacks from terror groups. Importantly, acts of terrorism results into destructions whose impacts weighs heavily on the environment and economy of the land as well as tourism Additionally, tourism industry in Z anzibar is faced with the problem of offering security to tourists from indiscriminate attacks coming from locals. Reports have indicated that local residents have developed a habit of invading areas where tourist have gathered with ulterior motives. Also, tourists face danger of attack while travelling to tourist destinations or even when they attend political rallies. Other similar attacks come from demonstrators who attract violence and this may spread to areas where tourists are visiting. The tourism sector lacks proper security vigilance and measures to protect tourists and the environment from such attacks. Another important issue that threatens the security of tourism industry is the traditional values held buy the locals that don’t agree with that of the foreigners. It is important to observe that a greater percentage of people in Zanzibar are Muslims. The laws followed by the Muslims don’t allow immodest dressing among the women. Tourist visiting the area fa ces a security threat of harassment by the locals if immodestly dressed. Accordingly, the tourist management body faces a challenge of protecting its image as well as that of tourists. It endeavors to inform tourists not to be intemperate in their way of dressing and conduct.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Problems facing tourism in Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In Tanzania, Zanzibar has its own border controls in its main islands of Unguja and Pemba, a parliament and a decentralized status. Its developed tourist’s attractions attract over 90% of tourists and this drives up the economy of that land. However, Zanzibar has seen a drop in the number of visits by the tourists in the past decade due to political conflicts (Mills et al., 2006). Widespread instability has been triggered by political conflicts raging in the island and these have delayed investments as investors have been forced to wai t and watch until there is stability. The burgeoning tourist trade that has been thriving in Zanzibar faces the challenge of getting damaged due to post election violence and eventual political stand-offs (Gettleman, 2010,  November  1). The process of easing political tensions through peace agreements in Zanzibar State House between political leaders of CCM and CUF have been carried out and sometimes failed to achieve results (Kaur et al., 2011). Some of the issues that cause political instability are election irregularities, slow count of votes, a poor electoral system and unequal media coverage to all political parties (Kaur et al., 2011). Being a young democracy and dependant on tourism to gain economic stability, the insecurity political wrangles pose on tourism industry lowers the potential of the industry by scaring away tourists and investors (Foottit, 1995,  January). Issues of insecurity stemming from political instability and violence during general elections reali zed in areas such as Pemba and Zanzibar lead to fall in numbers of arrival of tourists in the region. The insecurity that was caused following terrorist attack on US embassy in the country resulted in a sharp decline in tourist arrivals due to less confidence tourist had for the regions’ security (Amanda, 2009,  March  29). Additionally, another factor that played a role in reducing the figures is the adjustments in terms of calculations on the number of tourists to visit the country that the government had made. This was done by the president who thought that a huge number of tourists would pose security threats to the country. These adjustments were done in the year 2000 and so weakened the strength of flow of tourists in the country than it had experienced earlier (Foottit, 1995,  January).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the issue of tourism and economy, the industry provides the economy with revenue which is much needed (Rosenbaum, 2011,  March  13). It is important to note that the economy of this country relies on agriculture. However, the failure of agriculture and its production to earn enough foreign exchange and speed up the growth of the economy puts the serious issue of the need to improve tourism sector in the country as a priority (Gettleman, 2010,  November  1; Sifuna,  2010; Jowit, 2010,  September  21). Insecurity in the region affects the tourism sector which depends on over 90% of tourists who visit and earn them foreign exchange, and the growing of spices which make Zanzibar the second largest exporters of spices in the world (Rosenbaum, 2011,  March  13; Gettleman, 2010,  November  1). Planning and management solutions The tourism sector in this country needs to make some planning and development improvements to realize the potential in the industry and ac hieve its goals. Some of the findings that are necessary for planning and management require techniques encompassed in a conceptual scope which to the concept of tourism does a phenomenological research (Mills et al., 2006). The solution to mentioned management and planning problem of tourism in Zanzibar can be tackled through a strategy set to cultivate and integrate peace, security and understanding in the region. To begin with, there is a need to reinvigorate in Zanzibar the establishment of a new strategy for development, security, and peace (Foottit, 1995,  January). Tourism, which is a sector that drives the economy of the region, can be saved through creation of conflict prevention mechanism that will resolve conflicts through management, planning and resolution actions (Rosenbaum, 2011,  March  13). There is need for the government and other tourism agencies in Zanzibar to create integration among leaders of the different parties, promote cooperation, create awarenes s on the importance of respect for human rights, better democratic governance and a desirable political culture that fosters peace and development (Mills et al., 2006). For greater good and development of tourism industry, the tourism industry in Zanzibar should seek high security for the tourists. Tourist visiting the beaches along the coasts of that region should be offered adequate security escort to curb instances of armed bandit attacks (Mills et al., 2006). Additionally, tourist management should come up with methods and ways of informing the tourists the need to exercise caution and protect themselves against indiscriminate attacks. Moreover, to deal with issues related to culture and traditions of the Muslims, the management should plan to integrate the western culture with the local way of life so as to create a balance and to minimize instances of rebellion and violence resulting from intemperate behaviors (Mills et al., 2006; Amanda, 2009,  March  29). The significan t act of offering security will build the confidence of investors and tourist who visit the region (Amanda, 2009,  March  29). Also, proper marketing strategy to attract tourists from other nations should be fostered to counter sharp decline in the flow of tourists in the region due to political problems affecting peace in Tanzania evidenced by the violent clashes in Zanzibar as a result of disputed elections, and the repercussions of terrorists’ bombings (Amanda, 2009,  March  29; Sifuna,  2010). Tourists should be guaranteed efficient security and the government should play its role of ensuring peace (Hudson   Lee, 2010; Mills et al., 2006). Accordingly, a strategy should be made by the tourism sector management and the government to increase the immense potential and strength and gains of tourism in Zanzibar through good governance, creativity, inclusiveness, tolerance and harmony (Mills et al., 2006; Amanda, 2009,  March  29). Besides, equipped with the i dea that peace is not mere absence of war, they should foster peace and security through determination and resilience, fair utilization of resources and transparency (Jackman, 2010,  November  6; Rosenbaum, 2011,  March  13). References Amanda, J.   (2009,  March  29). AFRICA; A new safari game plan; Adventurous? Venture into the civilized wilds of luxury camps and lodges in Botswana, Namibia and Zambia.  Los Angeles Times, p.  L.4.   Retrieved from Los Angeles Times. Foottit, C.  (1995,  January). Tanzania goes for quality.  African Business, (195),  40.   Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global. Gettleman, J.   (2010,  November  1). Splitting the wilderness in two: Plan for road in Serengeti pits Tanzanian officials against conservationists.  International Herald Tribune,2.   Retrieved from ProQuest Newsstand. Hudson,  K.,  Ã‚  Lee,  D.  (2010). Biodiversity and Tourism: A valuable relationship.  Social Alternatives,  29(3),  39-43.   Retrieved from Research Library. Jackman, B.   (2010,  November  6). Open to the African elements: Brian Jackman is in awe of a safari park in the heart of Kenya’s Rift Valley.  The Daily Telegraph, 8.   Retrieved from ProQuest Newsstand. Jowit, J.   (2010,  September  21). Front: On the move †¦ but for how much longer? Road plan threatens Serengeti migration: Herds could be blocked from feeding grounds Scientists say entire ecosystem at risk.  The Guardian, 3.  Retrieved from ProQuest Newsstand. Kaur,  T. et al.  (2011). Campylobacter troglodytis sp. nov., Isolated from Feces of Human-Habituated Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Tanzania.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology,  77(7),  2366.   Retrieved from Research Library. Mills,  A. et al.  (2006). Managing small populations in practice: black rhino Diceros bicornis michaeli in the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania.  Oryx,  40(3),  319-323.   Retrieved fr om ProQuest Biology Journals. Rosenbaum, E.   (2011,  March  13). The Serengeti: The Tanzania food chain up close and personal.  Chicago Tribune, p.  5.5.   Retrieved from Chicago Tribune. Sifuna,  N. (2010). Community-Based Natural Resource Management: Suitability and Effectiveness.  Environmental Policy and Law,  40(4),  172-178.   Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global. This essay on Problems facing tourism in Africa was written and submitted by user Karen R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.